1 、 Khoom siv cov txheej txheem taw qhia:
cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis
Cov khoom siv raw khoom yog qhov ua tau zoo sib xyaw ua ntej pib sib xyaw cov khoom yas ua kom txias txias ua rau cov khoom ua kom txias kev ua kom cov khoom yas ua ASA raw khoom kom qhuav kho extrusion plasticizing tuag compound daim ntawv extrusion txias shaping traction txiav conveying tshuaj xyuas tiav cov khoom tiav txheej txheem daim duab:
2 、 Taw qhia rau cov khoom siv raw:
（1） PVC PVC yog hom hmoov tsis zoo, tsis muaj ntxhiab dawb. Qhov nruab nrab molecular hnyav yog 30000-100000, thiab lub siab molecular phaus PVC tuaj yeem ncav cuag 250000. PVC pib mos ntawm 65-85 ℃, me ntsis decomposed ntawm 120-150 ℃, thiab ua tiav decomposed ntawm 200 ℃. Nws muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov, tiv taus cov kua qaub rau feem ntau thiab alkali corrosion, muaj zog tiv taus oxidants, txo cov kab mob thiab cov acids muaj zog, tab sis nws tuaj yeem kho tau los ntawm cov tshuaj oxidizing acids xws li cov sulfuric acid thiab concentrated nitric acid, thiab nws tsis haum rau sib cuag nrog cov ntxhiab hydrocarbons thiab chlorinated hydrocarbons. Nws cov kuab tshuaj tseem ceeb yog dichloroethane, cyclohexanone, tetrahydrofuran, thiab lwm yam. Cov yam ntxwv loj tshaj plaws ntawm PVC yog nplaim taws rov tom qab, yog li nws tau dav siv ua cov khoom hluav taws kub. Txawm li cas los xij, PVC yuav tso cov tshuaj hydrogen chloride thiab lwm cov pa lom, xws li cov roj carbon dioxide, thaum lub sijhawm sib xyaws. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov mos mos thiab tawv tawv PVC yog feem ntau muaj feem xyuam nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm plasticizer. Feem ntau hais lus, 0-5 phr ntawm plasticizer (raws li 100 seem ntawm PVC cob) yog suav tias yog cov tawv yas; thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm plasticizer ntau dua 25 phr, nws yog cov yas mos. Cov xoob xoob xoob tsim los ntawm kev ncua kev kawm yog ib txwm siv hauv kev lag luam, feem ntau hu ua SG resin. Nws cov qauv ua haujlwm xoob, lub ntsej muag saum npoo tsis xwm yeem, thiab qhov hla ntawm kev thauj mus los yog cov kev ua kom zoo nkauj. Yog li ntawd, lub tshuab yas yuav tuaj yeem nqus tau thiab ua kom cov yas nrawm dua. Ncua PVC tuaj yeem raug faib ua pvc-sgl thiab pvc-sg8. Tus me dua cov lej, ntau dua qib ntawm polymerization, ntau dua qhov nyhav nyhav thiab lub zog. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov nyuaj tshaj tawm ntawm cov yaj ntws yog, qhov nyuaj dua kev ua tiav yog (SG1 muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm polymerization, thiab SG8 muaj tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm polymerization). Kev xaiv tshwj xeeb, xws li cov khoom lag luam muag muag, kev siv dav dav ntawm pvc-sgl, pvc-sg2, pvc-sg3, xav tau ntxiv cov yas ntau. Thiab kev tsim cov khoom nyuaj, feem ntau tsis ntxiv lossis ib qho me me ntawm yas, yog li ua cov khoom nyuaj nrog pvc-sg4, pvc-sg5, pvc-sg6, pvc-sg7, pvc-sg8 cob.
（2） Calcium carbonate
Kev faib tawm cov calcium carbonate:
1. Hnyav calcium carbonate
2. Lub teeb calcium carbonate
3. Ua kom muaj cov calcium carbonate
4. Nano calcium
Hnyav calcium carbonate thiab lub teeb calcium carbonate yog tsuas yog siv hauv cov khoom lag luam tawv PVC (cov vuas yas, PVC profiles, thiab lwm yam), uas tau nthuav tawm ntawm no.
Cov lus qhia luv luv ntawm cov calcium calcium carbonate:
Calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate, cov tshuaj molecular: CaCO3, cov roj molecular 100.092
Cov khoom ntawm cov calcium carbonate hnyav: hmoov dawb dawb, tsis muaj xim thiab tasteless. Ruaj nyob rau saum huab cua. Yuav luag insoluble hauv dej, insoluble hauv cawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm dilute acetic acid, dilute hydrochloric acid thiab dilute nitric acid, nws yuav rhaub thiab yaj. Thaum rhuab txog 898 ℃, nws tau pib rau hauv kev cuam tshuam rau cov calcium oxide thiab carbon dioxide. Hnyav calcium carbonate, hu ua hnyav calcium, yog tsim los ntawm kev sib tsoo ntuj carbonate lwm yam xws li calcite, marble thiab limestone. Nws yog cov khoom siv hmoov uas nquag siv nrog ua kom muaj kuab tshuaj lom neeg, siab inertia, tsis yooj yim rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, zoo thermal stability, tsis muaj decomposition qis dua 400 ℃, siab zoo, tsis muaj roj nqus, qis refractive index, mos, qhuav, tsis muaj dej ntshiab , tsis tshua muaj tawv, tsis tshua muaj tus nqi, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tsis qab, tsis muaj ntxhiab, tsis muaj ntxhiab, zoo dispersion thiab lwm yam.
Raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov txawv qhov loj me yuav tsum tau muaj cov calcium calcium carbonate, ultra-nplua av calcium carbonate, ntub dej sib tsoo ultra-nplua calcium carbonate, superfine nto hloov hnyav calcium calcium carbonate tuaj yeem muab tau. [kev qhia] calcium carbonate yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab siv cov ntsev inorganic. Hnyav calcium carbonate (GCC) tseem hu ua av calcium carbonate (GCC) thiab kotamite hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev ncaj qha tsoo ntuj calcite, limestone, xaum thiab plhaub los ntawm kev siv tshuab. Vim tias nws qhov ntim tawm (1.1-1.9 ml / g / g) nws me dua li ntawm lub teeb calcium carbonate (2.4-2.8 ml / g), nws hu ua hnyav calcium carbonate. [txoj kev tsim khoom] muaj ob txoj kev ua ntau lawm ntawm hnyav calcium carbonate. Cov txheej txheem qhuav tsim cov txheej txheem: ua ntej, calcite, limestone, chalk, plhaub, thiab lwm yam thauj los ntawm cov chaw txua txiag zeb yog manually xaiv kom tshem tawm cov laib; tom qab ntawd, crusher siv los tshem tawm gangue
Lub limestone yog ntxhib tsoo thiab tom qab ntawd tsoo los ntawm Raymond (pendulum) sib tsoo hmoov kom tau txais cov hmoov zoo limestone. Thaum kawg, cov sib tsoo hmoov yog muab qhab nia los ntawm kev sib txawv. Lub hmoov sib ntsib cov khoom loj npaum li cas yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia rau hauv lub tsev rau khoom raws li cov khoom ntim, txwv tsis pub nws yog xa rov qab rau lub zeb rau kev sib tsoo dua. Kev tsim cov txheej txheem ntub dej: thawj zaug, cov hmoov qhuav qhuav tau ua rau ncua kev ua kua, uas yog ntxiv tawg hauv lub zeb. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej thiab kom qhuav, ultrafine av calcium carbonate yog npaj.
Cov nyhuv ntawm hnyav calcium carbonate yog raws li nram no
Hnyav calcium carbonate, hu ua calcium carbonate, yog cov hmoov dawb ua los ntawm cov ua kom zoo ntawm cov calcite. Nws lub ntsiab tivthaiv yog CaCO3. Nws yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm whiteness siab, purity zoo, muag muag xim thiab ruaj khov tshuaj lom neeg. Yog li ntawd, cov calcium hnyav yog ib hom zoo muab faus feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam. Nws feem ntau yog siv los ua cov muab tub lim, thiab tseem dav siv nyob rau hauv cov lus dag hauv pem teb, roj hmab, yas, papermaking, txheej, xim, number case, cable, khoom siv hauv tsev, khoom noj, tshuaj, textile, pub, tshuaj txhuam hniav thiab lwm yam lag luam tshuaj txhua hnub. Raws li tus muab tub lim, nws tuaj yeem nce ntim ntawm cov khoom thiab txo tus nqi tsim khoom. Thaum siv roj hmab, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov ntim ntawm cov roj hmab, txhim kho cov txheej txheem ua kom tiav ntawm cov roj hmab, ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm semi txhawb nqa lossis txhawb ntxiv, thiab kho qhov tawv ntawm cov roj hmab. Tus nqi ntawm hnyav calcium siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam yas: 400 mesh ntawm hnyav calcium carbonate hmoov rau plastics yas masterbatch thiab masterbatch xim,
Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau hais tias lub ntsej muag dawb tseem tsis hloov tom qab lub siab kub, tus qauv ore yog qhov loj crystal crystalite, cov ntsiab lus ntawm calcium carbonate yog 99% thiab whiteness yog 95%. Calcium carbonate tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub cev pob txha hauv cov khoom lag luam yas, uas muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo rau kev txiav txim siab qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom yas, thiab tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov nyuaj ntawm cov khoom, thiab txhim kho lub ntsej muag thiab qhov chaw du ntawm cov khoom, Nws kuj tuaj yeem hloov kim kim. dawb xim.
Cov lus qhia luv luv ntawm lub teeb calcium carbonate:
Lub teeb calcium carbonate tseem hu ua precipitated calcium carbonate PCC) yog tsim cov kua qaub (feem ntau yog cov calcium oxide) thiab carbon dioxide los ntawm calcining limestone thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv nyoos, tom qab ntawd ntxiv dej rau zom cov kua qaub los tsim cov kua txiv qaub (cov khoom tseem ceeb yog calcium hydroxide), thiab tom qab ntawd cov pa roj carbon dioxide ntxiv rau carbonize cov kua qaub ua kom muaj cov dej ua rau calcium carbonate nag lossis daus. Thaum kawg, nws tau npaj los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej, ua kom qhuav thiab sib tsoo, los yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thib ob ntawm sodium carbonate thiab calcium chloride siv los tsim cov calcium carbonate nag lossis daus, Nws tau npaj los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej, kom qhuav thiab sib tsoo. Vim hais tias qhov kev tawm ntawm lub teeb calcium carbonate (2.4-2.8 ml / g) loj dua li qhov hnyav ntawm calcium calcium (1.1-1.4 ml / g), nws hu ua lub teeb calcium carbonate. Tus qauv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov calcium carbonate yog CaCO3. Calcium carbonate reacts nrog txhua qhov muaj zog acids tsim cov dej thiab cov ntsev calcium calcium (xws li calcium chloride CaCl2) thiab emit carbon dioxide tib lub sijhawm. Hauv chav tsev kub (25 ℃), cov khoom lag luam concentration ntawm calcium carbonate hauv dej yog 8.7 × 1029, solubility yog 0.0014, pH tus nqi ntawm calcium carbonate aqueous tov yog 9.5-10.2, thiab tus nqi pH ntawm huab cua calcium calcium carbonate aqueous tov yog 8.0-8.6. Calcium carbonate yog tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tsis muaj ntxhiab thiab tsis ntxhiab. Nws yog feem ntau dawb nrog tus txheeb ze ntom ntawm 2.7-2.9. Qhov ntim ntawm cov pov thawj ntawm lub teeb calcium carbonate yog ntau dua 2.5ml / g, thiab qhov tshwj xeeb thaj tsam thaj tsam yog li 5m2 / g (nws yog kuaj los ntawm cov qauv BET nrog qhov tsis siv neeg nkaus-F-Sorb 2400 qhov tshwj xeeb hauv cheeb tsam meter tsim los ntawm Beijing Kingtech) Cov. Lub teeb calcium carbonate muaj cov khoom tawg tau zoo, ntxhib ntxoo thiab loj thaj chaw tshwj xeeb, yog li nws cov roj nqus cov nqi tseem siab
Txog 60-90ml / 100g. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub teeb calcium carbonate: nws yog dav siv hauv papermaking, yas, yas zaj duab xis, tshuaj fiber, roj hmab, nplaum, ntim khoom, niaj hnub tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam, tshuaj pleev ib ce, khoom siv tsev, txheej xim, pleev xim, number case, putty, sealing siv quav ciab, putty, hnov ntim, tshuaj, khoom noj (xws li zom zom, khaub noom chocolate), pub noj, nws lub luag haujlwm yog: nce ntim khoom, txo tus nqi, Txhim kho cov khoom lag luam (xws li kho viscosity, rheological zog, cov khoom tawg tau tawg), txhim kho qhov ntev, ruaj khov, txhawb ntxiv lossis kev txhawb nqa ib nrab, txhim kho kev luam ntawv zoo, thiab txhim kho lub cev kev ua kom zoo (xws li kub tsis kam ua, ncua, hnav tsis kam, nplaim taws ntev, zoo nkauj, ci ci).