Yas additives yog cov tebchaw uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv thaum lub sij hawm molding txheej txheem ntawm polymers (synthetic resins) los txhim kho lawv cov kev ua tau zoo los yog txhim kho cov resin nws tus kheej. Piv txwv li, plasticizers yog siv los txo cov molding kub ntawm polyvinyl chloride resin thiab ua rau cov khoom softer; Lwm qhov piv txwv, txhawm rau npaj cov yas foamed nrog lub teeb yuag, kev co kuj, rwb thaiv tsev kub thiab suab rwb thaiv tsev, tus neeg sawv cev foaming yuav tsum tau ntxiv; Qee cov yas muaj qhov thermal decomposition kub heev ze rau molding ua kub, thiab tsis tuaj yeem molded yam tsis muaj qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov cua sov stabilizers. Yog li ntawd, cov yas additives ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov yas molding thiab ua.
1. Plasticizer
Qee cov yas uas muaj qhov kub hloov pauv iav yuav tsum tau ntxiv qee qhov ntawm cov yas yas txhawm rau tsim cov khoom muag muag ntawm chav tsev kub thiab txhim kho lawv cov khoom tawg thaum lub sij hawm ua. Cov me me molecular hnyav oily plasticizer muaj zoo compatibility nrog siab polymers. Lawv raug faib nruab nrab ntawm cov saw hlau polymer, txo cov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog ntawm lawv, ua kom yooj yim rau cov saw hlau molecular txav hauv qee qhov kub thiab siab, yog li ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua thiab molding. Yog li ntawd, plasticizers muaj cov nyhuv ntawm kev txo cov iav hloov kub thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus molding kub ntawm plastics. Qhov txo qis hauv iav hloov pauv kub feem ntau yog proportional rau lub ntim feem ntawm plasticizer.
Plasticizer tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: thawj plasticizer thiab theem nrab plasticizer. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm thawj plasticizer yog zoo compatibility nrog resins, siab plasticizing efficiency, migration kuj, tsis tshua muaj volatility, tsis tshua muaj roj (dej) extraction, thiab tsawg-kub yooj. Lub solubility ntawm cov plasticizer thib ob yog cov tsis zoo, feem ntau yog siv ua ke nrog lub ntsiab plasticizer kom txo cov nqi, yog li nws tseem hu ua additive.
2. Antioxidants thiab lub teeb stabilizers
Peb txhua tus paub tias cov khoom yas tau dhau los ua cov txheej txheem kev laus xws li fading, brittleness, thiab tawg nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub teeb, tshav kub, thiab oxygen thaum ua, cia, thiab siv. Txhawm rau ncua thiab tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev laus, stabilizers yuav tsum tau ntxiv. Feem ntau yog siv los tiv thaiv kev laus thermal, nws yog hu ua cua sov stabilizer; Feem ntau siv los tiv thaiv oxidative laus, nws yog hu ua antioxidant; Feem ntau siv los tiv thaiv kev laus yees duab, lawv hu ua lub teeb stabilizers, suav nrog hu ua stabilizers. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yas stabilizer niaj hnub no yog methyl tin thaum tshav kub kub stabilizer (abbreviated li 181), uas yog zoo heev rau dov, extrusion, txhaj molding, thiab tshuab molding ntawm nruj polyethylene (PVC). Vim nws txoj kev nyab xeeb siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv rau cov khoom ntim khoom noj thiab cov khoom lag luam siab-txhais tawv polyethylene. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws kuj tau siv dav hauv cov qhov rooj yas thiab qhov rais, cov kav dej, thiab cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj los hloov lwm cov yas yas thaum tshav kub kub stabilizers. Nws tau siv dav hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Europe, thiab Nyij Pooj. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, 181 methyltin heat stabilizers tau siv dav hauv Suav teb.
3. nplaim retardants
Cov additives uas ua rau kom qeeb ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm cov yas yog hu ua nplaim hluav taws, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub hom raws li cov nplaim hluav taws sib txawv:
Thaum ua ke nrog cov khoom decomposition ntawm cov yas, cov nplaim hluav taws ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog, xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm antimony trioxide thiab hydrogen chloride tso tawm thaum lub sij hawm decomposition ntawm PVC, uas tsim antimony trichloride nrog cov nplaim hluav taws tua.
Absorbing lub tshav kub generated thaum lub sij hawm combustion kom txias plastics thiab ua rau kom tus nqi combustion qeeb, xws li txhuas hydroxide, uas yog cov feem ntau siv hom nplaim retardant: nws ua raws li ib tug muab tub lim, haus luam yeeb suppressant, thiab nplaim retardant. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog pheej yig thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis ntawm cov khoom siv polymer, yog li nws txoj kev loj hlob ntawm daim ntawv thov yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
Muab cov txheej txheem uas cais tawm ntawm cov pa oxygen, xws li phosphate esters. Cov khoom tseem ceeb muaj xws li triphenyl phosphate, uas yog ib qho plasticizer nrog cov nplaim hluav taws.
Nws tuaj yeem tsim cov dawb radicals uas tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam combustion, uas tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog cov yas los tsim cov khoom uas tsis zoo combustion.
4. Thaum tshav kub kub stabilizer
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshav kub stabilizer yog los tiv thaiv lossis txo qhov decomposition ntawm polyvinyl chloride resin thaum lub sij hawm kub-kub plasticization ua, nrog rau cov tshuaj hloov pauv los ntawm lub teeb thiab oxygen hauv ib puag ncig thaum siv cov khoom tom qab molding, yog li hloov pauv. kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom thiab shortening nws cov kev pab cuam lub neej. Thaum tshav kub kub stabilizers inhibit los yog tiv thaiv resin degradation, ntev cov khoom lifespan, thiab muaj ib tug tej yam antioxidant nyhuv los ntawm absorbing thiab neutralizing HCl, displaces tsis ruaj tsis khov allyl chloride atoms nyob rau hauv PVC molecules, undergoing ntxiv tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog polyene lug, ntes dawb radicals, thiab lwm yam., los tiv thaiv yas. cov khoom los ntawm degrading thiab discoloring. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hluav taws kub stabilizers tuaj yeem nqus tau cov hluav taws xob ultraviolet lossis tiv thaiv cov resin los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm hluav taws xob ultraviolet. Thaum ntxiv rau cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm PVC resin, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj tshuaj lom neeg nrog rau lwm cov khoom ntxiv thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nqis tes ua ua ke ua kom lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov hluav taws kub stabilizers hauv kev ua cov yas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev ua thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm PVC resin.
5. Kev hloov pauv cuam tshuam
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv yog los txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias brittleness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer thiab ua rau lawv muaj zog dua. Cov tshuaj no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis thiab tau siv dav hauv ntau yam khoom siv yas, xws li PP yas, PVC resins, thiab lwm yam. tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau PVC cov ntaub ntawv, kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj zog thiab cuam tshuam ntawm PVC, yog li txhim kho. qhov toughness, lub zog, thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cov khoom siv, thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov. Piv txwv li, Acrylic Impact Modifier (AIM) yog cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab tus phooj ywg zoo ib puag ncig siv cov khoom siv tawv PVC, xws li cov kav dej thiab fittings, yas steel qhov rooj thiab qhov rais, panels, ntim, thiab lwm yam. AIM disperses particles hauv PVC. nruam theem matrix, absorbs cuam tshuam lub zog thaum raug rau sab nraud quab yuam, tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov kab nrib pleb, thiab yog li txhim kho qhov cuam tshuam lub zog ntawm cov khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev hloov pauv cuam tshuam kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv PVC nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab huab cua tsis kam, ua rau lawv tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv sab nraum zoov.
6. Foaming agent
Foaming agent yog ib hom organic compound uas yuav decompose thiab tso gases thaum rhuab. Cov pa roj no yuav nyob twj ywm hauv cov yas substrate thiab ua foamed plastics nrog ntau cov qauv ua npuas ncauj zoo.
Raws li ib tug zoo foaming tus neeg sawv cev, nws yuav tsum muaj cov nram qab no tej yam kev mob: tso roj nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm, adjustable tso tus nqi, inert gases xws li CO ₂ thiab N ₂ tso tawm thaum lub sij hawm decomposition, yooj yim dispersion thiab decomposition nyob rau hauv plastics, tsim nyog decomposition kub, Tsis tshua muaj cua sov tsim thaum lub sij hawm decomposition, irreversible decomposition cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, non-toxic foaming tus neeg saib xyuas, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau siv foaming tus neeg sawv cev yog azodicarbonamide.
7. Tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas
Coupling tus neeg sawv cev yog hais txog ib yam khoom uas tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov muab tub lim thiab cov ntaub ntawv polymer. Feem ntau muaj ob pawg ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov qauv molecular ntawm cov khoom sib txuas: ib tus tuaj yeem raug tshuaj lom neeg nrog cov polymer matrix lossis muaj kev sib raug zoo; Lwm hom tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg nrog cov tshuaj inorganic. Zoo li; Silane coupling tus neeg sawv cev, nrog rau cov qauv dav dav RSiX3 (R yog ib pab pawg ua haujlwm zoo uas muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv polymer, xws li vinyl, chloropropyl, epoxy, methacryloyl, amino, thiab thiol pawg; X yog ib pawg alkoxy uas tuaj yeem hydrolyze, xws li methoxy, ethoxy, thiab lwm yam). Tom qab kev kho mob nrog tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas, qhov saum npoo ntawm tus neeg sawv cev los yog muab tub lim tuaj yeem hloov kho, ua tus choj sib txuas ntawm cov txheej txheem inorganic dispersed thiab cov polymer txuas ntxiv, dhau los ua cov khoom sib xyaw uas txhim kho cov nyhuv ntawm tus neeg sawv cev los yog muab tub lim. Organosilane yog tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas siv dav tshaj plaws, thaum cov organic titanate yog tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas tau zoo dua.
8. Crosslinking tus neeg saib xyuas
Crosslinking agents yog siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv polymer (rubber thiab thermosetting resins). Vim tias cov qauv molecular ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer yog linear, tsis muaj kev sib txuas, lawv lub zog tsawg, lawv yooj yim tawg, thiab lawv tsis muaj elasticity. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov neeg sawv cev sib txuas yog tsim cov tshuaj sib txuas ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob sib txuas, txuas lawv ua ke los tsim cov qauv sib txuas, yog li txhim kho lub zog thiab elasticity ntawm roj hmab. Tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas uas siv rau hauv cov roj hmab feem ntau yog leej faj, thiab cov accelerator yuav tsum tau ntxiv. Feem ntau, crosslinking agents xa mus rau cov organic peroxides, xws li diisopropylbenzene peroxide, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev crosslinking rau polyethylene.
9. Txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv thiab muab tub lim
Hauv ntau cov khoom siv yas, cov khoom siv txhawb zog thiab cov khoom ntim khoom muaj feem ntau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom siv yas thiab cov khoom siv calcium. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los txhim kho lub zog thiab rigidity ntawm cov khoom yas los ntawm kev ntxiv ntau yam khoom siv fiber ntau lossis cov tshuaj inorganic. Cov ntaub ntawv siv ntau tshaj plaws muaj xws li iav fiber ntau, asbestos, quartz, carbon dub, silicates, calcium carbonate, hlau oxides, thiab lwm yam.
10. Lubricants
Thaum lub sij hawm kub ua cov polymers, ib tug me me ntawm lubricant yog feem ntau ntxiv los pab kom demolding. Lubricants tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: cov lubricants sab nraud thiab cov lubricants sab hauv. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj nplua nyeem sab nraud yog los pab txhawb kev sib tw ntawm cov polymer yaj tawm ntawm cov hlau kub ntawm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm. Lub compatibility ntawm sab nraud lubricants thiab polymers yog tsis zoo, thiab tsuas yog ib tug nyias lubricant txheej yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub interface ntawm polymers thiab hlau. Internal lubricants muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov polymers, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov cohesion ntawm polymer molecules, yog li ua kom yooj yim polymer ntws thiab txo qhov kub thiab txias los ntawm kev sib txhuam sab hauv. Cov roj nplua nyeem feem ntau siv sab nraud yog stearic acid thiab nws cov ntsev ntsev, thaum lub lubricants sab hauv tsis tshua muaj molecular hnyav polyethylene, thiab lwm yam.
11. Tso tawm tus neeg sawv cev
Tus neeg tso tawm yog ib yam khoom siv uas nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov pwm thiab cov khoom tiav. Cov neeg tso tawm muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tsis yaj thaum sib cuag nrog cov tshuaj sib txawv ntawm cov resins, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog styrene thiab amines. Cov neeg tso tawm kuj muaj qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam, thiab tsis yooj yim decomposed los yog hnav; Tus neeg sawv cev tso tawm adheres rau cov pwm yam tsis hloov mus rau qhov ua tiav, thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau kev pleev xim lossis lwm yam kev ua haujlwm thib ob. Vim txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding, extrusion, dov, compression molding, lamination thiab lwm yam txheej txheem, tus nqi tso tawm siv tau kuj nce ntxiv.
12.Coloring agent
Colorants yog cov tshuaj lom neeg uas yog insoluble hauv cov kuab tshuaj zoo tib yam, yog li kom ua tiav cov xim zoo tshaj plaws, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv cov txheej txheem ua kom sib npaug ntawm cov xim hauv cov yas. Inorganic pigments muaj thermal thiab photostability zoo heev, tus nqi qis, tab sis kuj tsis zoo xim lub zog thiab siab txheeb ze; Organic pigments muaj cov xim muaj zog, xim ci, ua tiav chromatography, thiab tsis tshua muaj txheeb ze. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv qhov tsis zoo suav nrog kev ua kom sov qis, huab cua tsis kam, thiab npog lub zog piv rau cov xim tsis muaj zog. Cov xim feem ntau suav nrog cov xim masterbatch thiab fluorescent whitening agents.
13. Xim master batch
Master batch yog ib qho kev sib sau ua ke los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov xim tsis tu ncua ntawm cov xim los yog xim rau hauv cov resin. Nws cov khoom siv tseem ceeb suav nrog cov xim lossis cov xim, cov khoom siv, cov khoom tawg, thiab cov khoom ntxiv; Nws muaj qhov zoo hauv qab no: nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tswj xyuas cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov xim ruaj khov ntawm cov xim pigments, txhim kho cov dispersibility ntawm cov xim, kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, hloov xim yooj yim, ib puag ncig huv, txuag lub sijhawm thiab cov khoom siv raw.
14. Antistatic tus neeg sawv cev
Antistatic agents ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tshem tawm lossis txo cov hluav taws xob zoo li qub uas tsim los ntawm cov khoom yas. Feem ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li qub yog electrolytes, uas muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Qhov no tso cai rau lawv tsiv mus nyob rau saum npoo ntawm plastics, ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev nqus dej noo thiab tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob zoo li qub.
15. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob
Nrog rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm tib neeg txoj kev paub txog kev nyab xeeb, ntau thiab ntau tus neeg pib yuav cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob xa mus rau cov tshuaj uas muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov kev loj hlob lossis kev tsim tawm ntawm qee yam kab mob (kab mob, fungi, poov xab, algae, kab mob, thiab lwm yam) hauv qab theem tsim nyog rau qee lub sijhawm. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog cov tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov kab mob bactericidal.
16. Defoamer
Yas defoamers, tseem hu ua yas desiccants, yas defoaming master batch, ib co yas raw cov ntaub ntawv los yog recycled plastics feem ntau muaj ib tug kab ntawm noo noo. Yog tias tsis tshem tawm, npuas lossis dej cim yuav tshwm sim rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom tiav, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo thiab cov tsos ntawm cov khoom. Cov txheej txheem ib txwm siv lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws kom tshem tawm cov dej noo yuav tsum ua kom qhuav ntawm cov khoom siv thaum ntxov, uas ua rau tsis yooj yim rau kev tsim khoom, ua rau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev, ua rau cov khoom siv qis qis, siv hluav taws xob, ua haujlwm tsis zoo, thiab nce nqi ntau lawm. Yas defoamers yog ib hom tshiab ntawm kev ua haujlwm master batch tsim tshwj xeeb los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm cov npuas dej hauv cov khoom yas ua los ntawm PE, PP, ABS, PS, thiab nylon thaum ua. Cov tswv batch no tuaj yeem ua pwm thiab ua tiav los ntawm kev ntxiv me me thiab tsuas yog sib xyaw ua ntej yas molding, tsis tas yuav ua kom qhuav. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev siv yooj yim, txhim kho kev tsim khoom, thiab txo qis kev siv zog.
Kev lag luam yas additive hauv peb lub teb chaws tau tsim nrog kev tsim kho ntawm PVC kev lag luam. Qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv hauv cov ntaub ntawv yas yog me me, tab sis nws muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau cov khoom yas zoo. Kev ua tau zoo ntsuab, ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiab cov khoom siv yas zoo yuav dhau los ua cov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov yas additive kev lag luam yav tom ntej.